What characterizes the ridge characteristics of fingerprints?

The ridge characteristics of fingerprints are indeed formed before birth and differ significantly from person to person, which makes option D the correct response.

Focusing first on their formation, the unique patterns of ridges and furrows on fingers are established in the fetus during gestation. This biological process occurs around the 10th week of development and is influenced by genetic factors as well as environmental conditions in the womb. By the time a baby is born, its fingerprints are fully developed, set to remain unchanged throughout a person's life.

Additionally, the uniqueness of these ridge patterns is crucial for identification purposes. Even among identical twins, who share the same genetic makeup, fingerprints are distinct. This individuality is what makes fingerprint analysis a vital tool in forensic science and criminal investigations. The combination of being formed before birth and the uniqueness of each person's fingerprints underscores the importance of option D.