What type of evidence can be analyzed through chemical fingerprinting?

Chemical fingerprinting is a forensic technique used to identify and analyze the unique chemical composition of substances. Gunshot residue analysis fits perfectly into this definition because it involves examining the particles that are expelled when a firearm is discharged. These particles can include various elements such as lead, barium, and antimony, which are found in the primer used to ignite the gunpowder. Each type of firearm ammunition produces a specific signature, allowing forensic analysts to determine whether a person has recently discharged a weapon or been near a discharged firearm.

DNA samples, blood stains, and textile fibers do not rely primarily on chemical fingerprinting techniques. DNA analysis involves molecular biology methods rather than chemical signatures, while blood stains can be analyzed for DNA or blood type but not chemically fingerprinted in the same manner. Textile fibers can also be examined for physical properties or dye composition, but again, this falls outside the scope typically described by chemical fingerprinting. Thus, gunshot residue stands out as the type of evidence most appropriately analyzed through the techniques encompassed by chemical fingerprinting.